The unique properties of cellular materials such as those found in bone have long fascinated scientists for their ability to retain strength while remaining light. Based on this principle, a team of experts from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has successfully applied a similar approach to the creation of artificial materials with impressive results.

By changing the geometry of the cells in the structure, the engineers were able to fine-tune their mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties. This breakthrough paves the way for promising applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive as well as aerospace.

Big problem

Traditional lattice engineering structures, often found in composite laminates, play an important role in load distribution. For example, the wings of airplanes use diagonal cross beams that form cells under the outer shell. This design provides the desired strength-to-weight balance, while layered cell structures offer even more strength. However, the complex shape of these layered cells creates difficulties, especially in the manufacture of large objects.

Super strong structures inspired by ancient technology

MIT engineers have masterfully circumvented this problem by using kirigami, a traditional Japanese technique that involves precisely cutting paper to create three-dimensional objects. To attach the honeycomb structures to the top and bottom layers of the sandwich panel, engineers adapted the paper folding technique, developing a simple method of attaching the boards using bolts or rivets.

Throughout the design and manufacturing process, engineers were able to control key mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength and modulus of elasticity. These properties, as well as the three-dimensional shape, are also encoded in the edge-bending card used in the manufacture of such objects.

Kirigami technique adds strength to cellular structures / Photo: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The effectiveness of this method has been proven in the creation of aluminum structures weighing only 90 kg, exhibiting an incredible compressive strength of more than 62 kN per square meter. This remarkable durability allowed the material to withstand three times more load than ordinary corrugated aluminum.

Structure withstood significant pressure over 62 kH / Photo: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Why is this an important invention?

This revolutionary technology has far-reaching consequences. It paves the way for the production of a wide variety of materials, including steel and composite materials, that will be in significant demand in the aerospace and automotive industries. In the future, engineers aim to develop affordable CAD design tools to simplify the complex modeling process of such structures.