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Mitosis and meiosis, It is of great importance for the formation and development of living things. Any deviation that may occur during these divisions will cause various problems.
Mitosis and meiosis, It is of great importance for the formation and development of living things. Any deviation that may occur during these divisions will cause various problems. These types of divisions are necessary for the growth, repair and reproduction of their organisms.
Today we are interested in the adaptation of species that contribute to the adaptation of species, especially by increasing genetic diversity. meiosis We discussed the details about it. Let’s take a closer look at this type of distribution.
meiosisIt is a cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half, creating four gamete cells. This division is necessary to produce eggs and sperm during reproduction. Because the number of alleles decreases during meiosis, the union of two gametes creates a zygote with the same number of alleles as the parents. In diploid organisms, these resulting zygotes are copies of both genes.
Meiosis is a type of division necessary to ensure that the offspring of many sexually reproducing creatures have the same number of chromosomes as their parents. Fertilization involves two cells coming together to form a new zygote. If the number of alleles of the gene in the gametes that form this zygote is not reduced to 1, the offspring will have 4 copies of each gene, which will lead to many developmental problems.
of meiosis I Prophase I, the first step, is similar to the prophase phase of mitosis in terms of the condensation of chromosomes and their movement toward the center of the cell. The nuclear envelope is disrupted and this event allows the microtubules on both sides of the cell to attach to the kinetochores on the chromosomes. Unlike mitosis, chromosomes pair with their homologous partners. At the end of this phase and the beginning of the next phase, metaphase I, these homologous chromosomes become available for crossover.
In Metaphase I, Homologous chromosomes that become available for transition are aligned at the metaphase plate, located near the center of the cell. These homologous chromosomes, which contain two different alleles for each gene, are arranged so that they are separated from each other. However, although these chromosomes lie on the metaphase plate, there is no clear information on which side the mother and father chromosomes will align.
Similar to the anaphase phase of mitosis, chromosomes are now separated on both sides of the cell. retreat towards the centrioles begins. However, centrosomes, which hold sister chromatids together, do not dissolve at this stage.
The chromosome retraction that started in the anaphase I phase ends and the nucleus (nuclear envelope) that was damaged in the prophase I phase is re-formed. Finally, the plasma membrane is separated by cytokinesis and two new cells occurs.
Prophase II resembles prophase I in many ways. Nuclear envelopes disappear and centrioles begin to form. Microtubules spread throughout the cell and attach to the kinetochores of the chromatids connected by centromeres, and eventually the chromosomes are separated for the metaphase stage. to the metaphase plate starts to withdraw.
meiosis The metaphase II phase is also similar to the metaphase of mitosis, but metaphase II only has half the number of chromosomes. Chromosomes, which are drawn to the metaphase plate in prophase II, end up at the centromeres on the metaphase plate. At the same time, a sister chromatid is present on each side of the metaphase plate.
Sister chromatids at either end of the metaphase plate separate and sister chromosomes begin to move toward the centrioles again. At the same time, this retraction is the final division of DNA. Unlike the first split, equal distribution It is called because each cell has the same number of chromosomes at the beginning of division.
in meiosis I As in telophase I, the cell divides in two and the chromosomes are at opposite poles of the cell. Cytokinesis, or plasma fission, occurs and new nuclear envelopes begin to form.
meiosis It is a type of division that is prone to error, and as a result of an error, the reproductive capacity of the organism can be affected. In addition to causing infertility, abnormal meiosis can lead to the formation of gametes with characteristics that can cause various genetic problems. At the same time, from genetic disorders It is the main cause of psychological abnormalities and of congenital anomalies (positive or negative situations that can be observed during birth).
meiosisIt plays an extremely important place in the formation of genetic diversity. that take place during the splitting process. Cross over This phenomenon, called the fusion of homologous chromosomes, causes the parts of homologous chromosomes to mix together, resulting in different combinations of genes.
Mitosis is a type of division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell. meiosis Unlike mitosis, each cell has half the number of chromosomes that the parent cell has. four daughter cells results in the formation of.
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Ashley Johnson is a science writer for “Div Bracket”. With a background in the natural sciences and a passion for exploring the mysteries of the universe, she provides in-depth coverage of the latest scientific developments.
