Since its existence, mankind has tried to understand this planet called Earth, and for this purpose has established many scientific fields and sub-branches. It is one of the many sub-branches of geology, that is, earth science, which aims to illuminate what happens in the earth’s crust by examining it historically and scientifically. lithology or also called stone science, makes important studies by examining the stones and rocks around us.

Lithological studies are based on examining stones and rocks where they are located. By examining the chemical and physical properties of stones, a historical plot is simulated, revealing what an ordinary stone has endured for millions of years. In this way, even from a simple stone or rock, information is obtained with which we can get to know our world better. Bride what is lithology, what does it mean? Let’s take a closer look at the frequently asked questions.

What is lithology, its fields and its studies:

What is lithology, what does it mean?

Lithology or stone science in Turkish; stones and rocks found on earth including physical properties It is a branch of science that examines many criteria. In lithology studies, the physical and chemical structures of stones such as color, texture, grain structure and composition are examined. To avoid damage to rocks and rocks, lithological studies are often performed without moving the rock and bedrock in the area.

Lithology studies differ from petrology, which focuses on a single rock or rock. Petrology studies a single rock or rock, ignoring its surroundings. Lithology is used to do research. choose a region. All rocks and stones in the selected region are examined for their chemical and physical properties and the historical process of the region in question is simulated.

Fields of study of lithology: what does lithology involve?

Lithology, as the Turkish name suggests, is concerned with stones, rocks and rocks. About to explore its chemical and physical properties The stones, rocks and rocks that were examined determine the stages that affect both the examined object and the region where the object is located during the historical process.

As a result of lithological studies, the naming of stones, rocks and rocks has been made on three basic types. An object as a result of research called igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Other findings are attempted by conducting class-specific studies on the object determined to belong to which class through basic physical examination or detailed chemical examination.

Types of rocks studied by lithology and their properties:

• magmatic
• Sedimentary
• metamorphic

Magmatic:

The molten material that makes up the Earth’s mantle formed during magma stones, rocks and rocks are called igneous or volcanic. Objects considered in the igneous class are molten rocks containing gases and liquids. They are formed as a result of the loss of gas and cooling of magma in the depths of the earth due to volcanic eruptions.

Apart from volcanic eruptions, magma tends to solidify in some deep fissures. the slower These objects of endogenous origin, They are called igneous rocks. In terms of their composition, it is possible to talk about two types of igneous rocks;

• Acidic igneous rocks with a high content of silica and small amounts of quartz, iron and magnesium.
• Basic igneous rocks containing small amounts of silica and large amounts of iron and magnesium, but no quartz.

Sedimentary:

Stones, rocks, and rocks formed as a result of erosion experienced by rocks already on the Earth’s surface are called sedimentary. Because they are made from materials found on Earth are of exogenous origin. Sediments containing calcium, limestone and minerals are formed from an existing rock as a result of a process called precipitation. So they actually already exist.

Accelerate or slow down the precipitation process in the formation of sediments water, temperature value, wind and drift are of great importance. While it may seem simple, this process takes millions of years. Due to external effects and pressures from the upper layers, sediments accumulate and eventually emerge with strong tectonic movement. Limestone is one of the best known sedimentary examples.

Metamorphic:

Metamorphic rocks are both somewhat igneous and somewhat sedimentary, but actually neither. They can occur deep in the Earth’s crust or on the surface. There is a forming process like the sediment we know, but they are exposed to much higher pressures and much higher temperatures. It is even possible to talk about magma gases in the formation process of the metamorphic rock at a deep point.

To give an example of the formation process of metamorphic rock, magma that comes into contact with a surface rock possible to say. Another example of the formation of this type, which has variants such as contact metamorphism and dislocation metamorphism, is the pressure to which sediments and igneous rocks are exposed during the movements of tectonic plates. As a result of this pressure, metamorphic rocks form.

Some of the detection criteria of lithology:

• particle structure
• mineral structure
• Color
• surface

Particle structure:

The grain structure of metamorphic and igneous rocks is extremely important because this structure description of the rock cooling process is the main finding. While a rock composed of large particles has an igneous structure, a rock with small particles is distinguished in terms of formation process even if it is igneous. A similar situation is found in the grain sizes of rocks composed of a single mineral.

Mineral structure:

The mineral structure of rocks, also called mineralogy, is sometimes structures large enough to be detected with a simple hand lens may appear as The mineral structure directly shows us the stages the rock has gone through during the formation process. Different structures such as vascular mineral structure or granular mineral structure also provide insight into this process.

Color:

Lithology can make some basic determinations by looking at even the most basic physical features. The first of these is color. The researching scientist can even look at the color of the stone, rock or outer shell of the rock. basic classification can do. Of course, the colors of the parts that make up it are also extremely important.

Surface:

The surface texture of a rock, rock or boulder hides the most basic information about the formation process. for example a surface texture called layering It is a characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks. To give another example, metamorphic rocks often have a fairly flat and linear surface.

Considered one of the major subdisciplines of geology, What is lithology or stone science in Turkish, what does it mean? We answered the frequently asked questions and talked about the details you need to know about the topic. You can share your thoughts on such extraordinary branches of science in the comments.