July 14, 2023, 2:35 pm IST (5:05 AM IST), the Indian Space Resources Organization (ISRO) successfully launched the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft from the Satish Dhawan Space Center, ISRO’s main spaceport. The purpose of the mission is to transport the first Indian lander (Vikram) and rover (Pragyan) and is also scheduled to land on the Moon on August 23, 2023. This mission is performed after ISRO Chandrayaan – 2 landing accidents. Vikram Moon on September 6, 2019 due to last minute guidance software failure. Despite ISRO stating that everything is going according to plan, unexpectedly Vikram the lander is about 2.1 kilometers (1.3 miles) above the lunar surface.

Following in the footsteps of its predecessor, Chandrayaan-3 will attempt to land Vikram And Prague near the moon’s south pole in hopes of using relevant science payloads to conduct experiments in place, analyzes and observations to gain insight into the composition of the Moon. These include gaining insight into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar regolith, the history of collisions with the Moon, and the evolution of the Moon’s atmosphere. The spacecraft consists of a propulsion module and a lander; where the task of the former is to carry the lander into lunar orbit without launching, and the lander consists of the Vikram lander. And mobile Pragyan.

The Vikram lander’s science payload consists of the Lunar Hypersensitive Radio Anatomy of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA) instrument, the Chandra Surface Thermophysics Experiment (ChaSTE), the Lunar Seismic Activity Vehicle (ILSA), the Langmuir Probe (LP), and NASA. Laser retroreflector array (LRA). The Pragyan rover’s science payload consists of the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and the Laser Refraction Spectroscope (LIBS).

Service life expected to be Vikram And pragiana will be one lunar day, or about 14 Earth days. Since the Moon always faces the Earth on one side and one revolution around the Earth takes about 28 days, a lunar day equals 14 Earth days.

While Chandrayaan-2 met an unfortunate fate, the first mission of the Chandrayaan program was Chandrayaan-1, consisting of a lunar orbiter and a lunar impact probe (MIP), launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center on October 22, 2008. It was successfully launched into lunar orbit on November 8, 2008, and its final launch was on November 12, 2008.

The MIP launched from the spacecraft on November 14 and deliberately crashed near Shackleton Crater on the Moon’s south pole just thirty minutes later, continuing to send data confirming the presence of water ice in the lunar regolith during this time. Although the mission was expected to take about two years, on August 28, 2009 the orbiter unexpectedly lost contact with ground control for unknown reasons, but NASA radar determined in 2016 that the spacecraft was still in orbit around the Moon. Source