A new measurement of the universe confirms that dark energy makes up about 69 percent of everything. The remaining 31 percent remains important; Just as the ordinary variety are the particles and forces that make up everything we can see, so too are dark matter, the mysterious gravitational specter that is now responsible for otherwise unexplained motions and effects.

“Cosmologists believe that only 20 percent of all matter consists of ordinary or ‘baryonic’ matter, which includes stars, galaxies, atoms, and life,” explains astronomer Mohamed Abdullah of the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics and Chiba University in Egypt. Japan

“About 80 percent consists of dark matter, whose mysterious nature is still unknown, although it may consist of some subatomic particles that have not yet been discovered.”

Dark energy, on the other hand, is a greater force. We don’t know what happened either. It’s the name we give to anything that causes the universe to expand rapidly, and there’s a lot of it. Repeated measurements showed that it accounts for most of the matter and energy density in the universe; This amount hovers around 70 percent.

Determining the rate of expansion of the universe has proven extremely difficult so far, but there are many good reasons why scientists want to do so. The contraction of matter and energy density in the universe could help scientists understand what dark energy is, how it affects the current expansion of the universe, and what might happen in the future: The universe expanding forever, or reversing and contracting into a massive Khruskit.

A proven and reliable way to determine how much dark energy is out there is based on galaxy clusters. Because they consist of substances that came together under the influence of gravity throughout the life of the universe, that is, approximately 13.8 billion years.

By comparing the number of galaxies and the mass of the cluster with the results of numerical simulations, scientists can calculate the ratio of matter and energy.

“Since modern galaxy clusters form from matter that collapses under the influence of its own gravity over billions of years,” explains astronomer Gillian Wilson of the University of California, Merced, “the number of clusters currently observed, the so-called “Multiple clusters”, is very sensitive to cosmological conditions and, in particular, to the total amount of matter.” “

However, it is difficult to directly measure the mass of a galaxy cluster because most of the mass is provided by dark matter. Instead, the researchers determined the mass of the galaxy clusters in their database by carefully analyzing them using the GalWeight method, counting the number of galaxies in each to ensure that each contained only a cluster of galaxies. Because larger clusters have more galaxies, a relationship known as the mass richness ratio (MMR), the researchers were able to estimate the total mass of each of the sampled clusters.

They then ran numerical simulations to create galaxy clusters containing varying proportions of dark energy and matter. The simulations that most closely matched observed galaxy clusters were for a universe composed of 31 percent matter.

This is very close (and a better result) than the team’s previous results, where the proportion of dark energy was 68.5 percent and matter was 31.5 percent. It also fits very well with other measurements of the matter and energy density of the universe, indicating that we are very close to a definition.

“We managed to make the first measurement of the density of matter using MRR, which is in excellent agreement with the results obtained by the Planck team using the cosmic microwave background method,” says Tomoaki Ishiyama, an astronomer at Chiba University.

“This work also shows that massive clusters are a competitive technique for constraining cosmological parameters and complementing noncluster methods such as residual radiation anisotropy, baryon acoustic oscillations, Type Ia supernovae, or gravitational lensing.” Source