As we learn about new developments in the field of artificial intelligence, we become increasingly aware that this is not a separate invention or a new application on the phone, but a groundbreaking change in the interaction between humans and technology. The USA is now the undisputed leader of the technological breakthrough in this field in recent years. At least as far as we know from open sources. Therefore, the appearance of the first normative documents in this country is an important event. The US President’s decree was expected both by those who support the introduction of restrictions and regulations on artificial intelligence, and by opinion leaders who advocate maximum development assistance from the state to ensure greater leadership and widespread use in all spheres of life.

The document touches upon establishing new standards for artificial intelligence security, protecting privacy, supporting justice and civil rights, guaranteeing the rights of consumers and employees, and supporting innovation and competition.

The document does not begin to directly regulate the field, because those powers reside with Congress, not the President; but gives instructions to state executive bodies regarding actions and development of draft laws or direct regulations.

In fact, the executive order from the President of the United States provides the most comprehensive actions countries have ever taken to protect against potential risks of AI systems, specifically:

● requires developers of the most powerful AI systems to share security test results and other critical information with the government. The order would require companies developing any underlying model that poses a major risk to national or economic security or health to notify the federal government while the model is being trained and share the results of all testing;

● Includes the development of standards, tools and testing to ensure that AI systems are safe and reliable;

● protects against risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence for the development of hazardous biological materials and provides new screening standards for biological synthesis;

● Protects Americans from AI fraud by establishing standards and best practices to detect AI-generated content and authenticate legitimate content. Guidelines for content authentication and watermarking should be developed to clearly identify AI-generated content;

● creates an advanced cybersecurity program to develop artificial intelligence tools to find and fix vulnerabilities in critical software;

● Directs the development of a National Security Memorandum that will ensure the safe, ethical, and effective use of AI by the U.S. military and intelligence community in their missions and guide efforts to counter the use of AI for military purposes by adversaries.

President Biden also called on Congress to pass data privacy legislation to protect all Americans, especially children, including:

● Protecting Americans’ privacy at the federal level;

● strengthening research and technologies to guarantee confidentiality, such as cryptographic tools, through funding of the Research Coordination Network to facilitate rapid breakthroughs;

● evaluate how organizations collect and use commercially available information;

● develop guidelines for federal agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of privacy-preserving methods, including those used in artificial intelligence systems.

Thus, it is emphasized that the irresponsible use of artificial intelligence can deepen discrimination, prejudice and other abuses in the fields of justice, health and housing. The president’s administration has taken action by releasing a draft AI Bill of Rights that directs agencies to combat algorithmic discrimination and instructs authorities to protect people’s rights and safety. To ensure that AI promotes justice and civil rights, the order provides:

● provide clear guidance to employers, federal assistance programs, and federal contractors to avoid using AI algorithms to increase discrimination;

● Addressing algorithmic discrimination through training, technical assistance, and interagency coordination on best practices for investigating and prosecuting AI-related civil rights violations;

● ensuring justice throughout the criminal justice system by developing best practices for the use of artificial intelligence in sentencing, parole and probation, pretrial release, detention, and more.

It is also emphasized that artificial intelligence can bring real benefits to consumers, for example by making products better, cheaper and more accessible. But AI also increases the risk of injury, confusion, or other harm. To protect consumers while ensuring that AI can enhance protection, the order provides:

● promoting the responsible use of artificial intelligence in healthcare and the development of affordable medicines;

● Developing the potential of AI to transform education by creating resources to support teachers as they install AI-supported educational tools.

Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence is changing jobs and workplaces, offering both productivity gains and the dangers of increased workplace surveillance, bias, and more. To reduce these risks, the order provides:

● develop principles to reduce the harms and maximize the benefits of AI for workers by addressing the issue of layoffs; labor standards; workplace justice, health and safety; Data collecting. These principles will provide guidance to prevent underpayment, unfair evaluation of job applications, or impediments to employees’ ability to self-organize;

● Prepare a report on the potential impact of AI on the labor market, as well as examine and identify options for strengthening federal support for workers facing job disruptions due to AI. Americans are feeling the first demonstrations and strikes in almost six months. In California, video production workers went on strike, including those organized by actors, screenwriters and writers’ guilds. Artificial intelligence has been hotly discussed at all industry conferences, including the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) Annual Meeting, Infinity Festival in Hollywood, and NAB, the largest media industry conference in New York.

The US is leading the way in AI innovation, with more AI startups born and growing in the country last year than in the other seven countries combined. The executive order aims to maintain U.S. leadership in innovation by:

● Catalyze AI research through the National AI Research Resource pilot project, which will provide AI researchers and students with access to critical AI resources and data, as well as expand grants for AI research in health and climate change;

● Promoting a fair, open and competitive AI ecosystem, providing technical assistance and access to resources to small developers and entrepreneurs, helping small businesses commercialize their AI inventions;

● Using government agencies to expand opportunities for highly skilled immigrants and nonimmigrants to study, live, and work in the United States.

But we must not forget that we live in a global community and cooperation with other countries is one of the priorities to support the safe, secure and reliable deployment and use of artificial intelligence around the world. To this end, the President gave the following instruction:

● expand multilateral interaction for cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence. Creating an international framework to leverage the benefits of artificial intelligence;

● accelerate the development and implementation of vital AI standards with international partners and standards bodies, ensuring the technology is safe, secure and reliable;

● promote the safe, responsible and human rights-compliant development and dissemination of artificial intelligence abroad to solve global problems.

To ensure the responsible implementation of artificial intelligence and the modernization of the federal artificial intelligence infrastructure, the decree provides for:

● publish guidance on the use of AI by institutions, including open standards for protecting rights and security, improving AI provision and strengthening AI deployment;

● helping government agencies acquire certain AI products and services faster, cheaper and more efficiently through faster and more efficient contracts;

● accelerate the rapid hiring of AI professionals as part of a nationwide talent pool.

It should be understood that the development of artificial intelligence cannot be limited by borders, so in this article it is necessary to talk in general terms about what is currently being done in the EU. In June 2023, the European Parliament adopted the draft Artificial Intelligence Law, the final version of which is being discussed with EU member states. The final version of the law is planned to be approved by the end of 2023.

The law will aim to jointly implement a human-centered approach and ensure trust in artificial intelligence, protecting health, security, fundamental rights and democracy from harmful effects. The law must ensure that AI developed and used in Europe fully complies with EU rights and values, including human control, security, privacy, transparency, non-discrimination and social and environmental well-being.

The new rules will prohibit:

● real-time remote biometric identification systems in public places;

● “mail” systems where biometric identification has been removed; this is allowed only in cases of investigation of serious crimes by law enforcement authorities and only after permission of the court;

● biometric classification systems that use sensitive characteristics (e.g. gender, race, ethnicity, citizenship, religion, political affiliation);

● emotion recognition systems of law enforcement, border management, workplaces and educational institutions;

● the untargeted extraction of a person’s images from the Internet or recordings from video surveillance cameras to create an identification database.

Suppliers of basic models will be required to assess and mitigate potential risks to health, safety, fundamental rights, the environment, democracy and the rule of law and register their models in the EU Database before they are placed on the EU market. Generative AI systems based on models like ChatGPT will need to meet transparency requirements (revealing that content was created by AI and helping distinguish so-called deepfakes from real images) and protect against illegal content creation.

To encourage innovation in AI, MEPs added non-research AI components licensed under an open source license. The new law proposes regulatory sandboxes, or real-world environments, created by government agencies to test AI before it is deployed. Lawmakers also want to expand citizens’ rights to lodge complaints against AI systems and explain decisions based on high-risk AI systems that significantly impact their fundamental rights.

International cooperation on artificial intelligence will expand and continue, with the greatest interest in particular coming from contacts between the United States and China. Such a meeting at the level of heads of state will take place this week. It is envisaged that these countries will start competitions in technological developments and their application in all areas, especially in the most sensitive and dangerous areas of the military sector, nuclear technologies and weapons of mass destruction, and developments in the field of human science. , abilities and health.

Denis Krasnikov

* The author’s perspective may not coincide with the agency’s position