A good result, first of all, is that a fair, transparent, democratic electoral process develops so that people are able to vote without any pressure and that its result, its expression, whatever it may be, demonstrates the will of the city. In quantitative terms, we would like to exceed 75%, and this is already a very high figure.
“If we managed to get votes above 75%, it would be a historical record in our country and in many countries in the region, because the level of participation of our people, given that voting is not compulsory in our countries, has always been around 50-something something percent. Thus, the ideal would be mass participation and a vote of more than 75% for President Bukele.”
I believe that democracy is understood this way because many critics, some called intellectuals, others called analysts, see democracy as entelechy. They have a concept of democracy, and when the democratic reality does not fit into this concept, for them there is no more democracy. We understand this in the simplest and most understandable way. Etymologically, the concept of democracy means demos/people, kratos/power: the power of the people.
Felix Ulloa, El Salvador’s vice president and a candidate for re-election alongside President Nayib Bukele in Sunday’s elections.
That’s why I insist that people who have power and sovereignty delegate it, because it’s a representative democracy, it’s a delegation of representation from the president, and it’s an absolute majority delegation like the one the president has right now. ., because in El Salvador it is democracy. Thus, the difference between a dictator and a strong democratic leader with great popular support lies in the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. The dictator oppresses, represses, and humiliates the people. In the case of President Bukele, when people speak out, they see him as a protector, a person who provides them with security and who is with people in critical moments, as was the case during the pandemic.
The opposition may remain in the residual ratings on Sunday. You criticize the opposition, accusing it, along with Bukele, of planning to release gang members. Why do they blame her for this? What signs do you have that this might be true?
Well, if you see, now there is a video on television where all the deputies from all opposition parties spoke in these words, saying that the state of emergency must be suspended, that it should not have been introduced, and the deputy from the Arena party says that if Bukele will lose power, prisons will be opened, that is, this is not a threat or an attempt to scare.
He knows that one of the most controversial issues is procedural guarantees for detainees. How would you rate the guarantees that a detainee in El Salvador now has?
“Well, first we need to separate the detainees. There are detainees who are ordinary prisoners for ordinary crimes, and this is the vast majority of people who have committed a crime, it can be robbery, murder, any type of ordinary crime, as well as those detained for belonging to criminal structures. That is, ordinary people do not go to CECOT [Centro de Confinamiento del Terrorismo, penitenciario de máxima seguridad] and they are not subject to the same procedural measures as gang members.”
To be clear, the state of emergency in El Salvador today affects only two constitutional guarantees. And the point here is the period of detention. In the absence of a state of emergency, the person is detained for 72 hours and then placed under a judge’s determination. Now, taking into account the exception regime, this period has been extended to 15 days. The second is the integrity of your correspondence: no one will be able to view your correspondence, your email or anything else. With the exception of the exception regime, a person detained on charges of membership in a criminal organization, the police immediately check his phone, computer, communications, as this is a way to identify him.

But focusing on the long term, we cannot be in a state of exception for the rest of our lives. And I believe that tackling the reality of gangs to keep the problem from returning must be rooted in deeper structural causes, and we will need long-term policies that address inequality, poverty and other issues. It must be in the political vision that you embody…
Absolutely, 100% agree with you. Gangs did not arise as a result of spontaneous origin, they are a product of social inequality, the state’s neglect of childhood abandoned after the war. This is the saddest and most tragic because these children, who became war orphans, whose parents either died in the conflict or left the country and left them abandoned, were not wards of the state and started out as simple juvenile delinquents who later when they faced by gang members deported from the United States, they were structured until they became a parallel state. Because it was they who controlled almost the entire territory of the country, established their own laws and had enormous economic power.
The transportation industry alone paid them $40 million every year, not counting all the other extortion mechanisms they had. Then it was a parallel state in which the institutional state had lost its sovereignty. So, so that this phenomenon, which is a product of the post-war period, of the governments that ran the post-war period and that did not take care of these children, these young people or the economic model, does not repeat itself, we must look at it with an exemplary vision: “Make no mistakes.” . I believe that this is what will guarantee the non-repetition of the gang phenomenon. Their detention in CECOT is a deterrent and coercive measure of the state, just like their detention and placement there. But the corrective measure, as you say, is to attack the structural reasons that gave rise to the gangs, and they are mainly found in the exclusive economic structure, where the transitional economic and political elites have benefited from themselves and forgotten about the popular sectors of the working class because gangs appear in these neighborhoods.
There is an NGO that reports 224 deaths in prisons during the state of emergency. Are these cases being investigated, Mr. Ulloa?
“I think so, but when NGOs give such figures, I have doubts. If you see that the history of people who die or have died in the prisons of the penitentiary systems of El Salvador is 200 people every year. If you look at the history before the emergency 10 years ago, 8 years ago, 5 years ago, 20 years ago, the average death toll was 200, so 248 is not an extraordinary number or one that would break your heart. …the standard of this.”
Given international criticism of the authoritarian drift, can you, as Vice President, guarantee democratic standards for El Salvador going forward in the next term?
Yes, if we return again to the concept of what democracy is, since I understand democracy in the etymological sense, let’s give power to the people and kratos, i.e. If we do what the people want, want and expect from the government, and the people give it as part of the delegation of sovereignty…
But, of course, this will must also be accompanied by a free, independent press, the opportunity for those who are against to hold street demonstrations…
This country has perhaps the greatest freedom of expression of all, because I do not know of a single state, government or president that is attacked every day in the morning, in the afternoon, every other day and the next day. newspapers and mainstream media. If you have the opportunity to look at the two major newspapers associated with the Arena party and the small newspaper Colatino, associated with the FMLN, you will see that there is not a single positive mention of the government or President Bukele or his project. . They are all critics, and not one of them has ever been sanctioned, censored, or had a rule limiting their activities, there is not a single journalist in prison, there is no gag law, there is absolutely no threat to freedom of expression.
At the end of the interview, the Vice President of El Salvador admits that the model does not strive for perfectionbut effectiveness in the fight against gangs and is defended against accusations by some independent media about possible underground negotiations with gangs, if there were any, according to officials, not the government.
Naib Bukele.