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The evolution of a socially complex society took an average of 2.5 thousand years

  • February 7, 2024
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Cliodynamicists, scientists who study historical processes using mathematical models, compared the development of complex culture across 23 geographic areas to answer the question of whether there is a


Cliodynamicists, scientists who study historical processes using mathematical models, compared the development of complex culture across 23 geographic areas to answer the question of whether there is a characteristic time period in the evolution of social complexity in human society.

Previously, scientists had determined that complex social formations emerged in societies in different regions and time periods with parallel or complex information tools, and administrative hierarchies and monetary tools began to be used. These factors have become markers for measuring social complexity in different cultures.

In a new study published in the journal PNAS PortThe researchers used data from Seshat: The Global History Data Bank, which records nine characteristics of complexity for 370 states across ten millennia. The aim was to assess the pace of cultural evolution over millennia of history in 23 selected geographical regions, covering states in all major regions of the world. The authors identified nine characteristics of complexity:

  • population of the state;
  • length of state territory;
  • size of largest urban centre;
  • hierarchical complexity;
  • the presence of professional soldiers, officers, priests, bureaucrats and judges;
  • the diversity of structures observed;
  • features of writing and storing records;
  • various types of text;
  • Existence of a financial system.

Historians have limited their analysis to the central part of each region’s timeline to focus on periods of stable, sustained growth rather than moments of crisis. The universal logistic model of the growth of society’s social complexity was expressed by a variable combining all nine characteristics of complexity. The development of the complexity of the model consisted of several cultural and institutional stages for each region.

The data obtained led scientists to the conclusion that there are common paths of human social evolution in different cultures. They also calculated that societies that developed in isolation needed an average of 2.5 thousand years to reach a high level of social complexity.

As a result, researchers noted a general cross-cultural regularity in both the scale and pace of social development. Stages of growth, characteristic of the development of social complexity, replace each other at certain time intervals in the absence of negative factors.

Source: Port Altele

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