Eavesdropping, surveillance and hidden cameras are things that Ukrainian journalists encounter more frequently. Of course, there are many conditions and procedural solutions for phone tapping or surveillance sanctions, but this is not the subject of the article for us. We will consider the theory and learn to distinguish electronic devices used for information interception, or, more simply, digital bookmarks or so-called bugs.

digital bookmarks They are electronic devices or programs used to capture, record, or transmit information electronically and can be embedded in various objects or devices or used as software on computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices.

We emphasize that digital bookmarks can be used in a variety of contexts, including military, law enforcement or espionage purposes.

What are the main signs of bookmark errors?

1. Interception of information. Depending on the type of device, audio, video or text information may be interfered with.
2. Method of transferring information. Digital bookmarks can transmit intercepted information through various channels (radio waves, communication networks, Internet) or store it locally.
3. Secretiveness. Often bugs are designed to be hidden and difficult to detect.
4. Remote control. Some digital bookmarks can be controlled remotely, such as changing the operating mode or transferring data depending on the situation.
5. Identifying the source of information. There are also those who can identify the source of information to determine where it came from.

In addition, bookmarks can be with active and passive intervention, where active ones transmit information in real time, and passive ones collect information. Also, digital bookmarks can be installed both directly in the room and outside: placed outside the object and directed at it (video cameras, microphones, satellite systems).

Detecting digital bookmarks is usually the job of experts, as the bugs are for hidden use. But to simply protect yourself and reduce the risk of information interception, we offer a list of preventive measures.

1. Regular inspection of facilities. Periodically (based on your risk assessment) thoroughly check your premises for unknown or suspicious electronic devices.
2. Using devices to detect abnormal activity. You can use a portable field indicator to detect abnormal radio or electromagnetic signals in your home.
3. Physical protection of devices. Ensure physical protection of access to important devices such as computers, servers, phones to prevent possible installation of digital bookmarks. Use special marker stickers that will allow you to identify whether your device has been physically tampered with.
4. Encryption of communication. Use encryption to protect your internet connection.
5. Software updates. Keep your software updated as new versions may include improved security measures.
6. Monitoring malfunctions that occur in the operation of electronic devices. Detection of unusual activity, unpredictable energy consumption, or other malfunctions may signal a possible attack.
7. Physical security of the facility. To guarantee the physical security of workplaces and residences.
8. Use of electromagnetic screens. Screens or enclosures that block electromagnetic signals can help make information more difficult to intercept.
9. Protection against cyber criminals. Use antivirus software and firewalls to protect against cybercriminals who may try to upload digital bookmarks remotely.

Remember that digital bookmarks are not an absolute guarantee, so always be careful and cautious.

Written using information from the article “Privacy: An Abbreviated Draft of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretaps and Electronic Interception.” Gina Stevens Legislative Attorney Charles Doyle Senior Specialist in U.S. Civil Law

mass information institute

* The author’s perspective may not coincide with the agency’s position