Cybersecurity can contain a jumble of terms and acronyms that can confuse even the most tech-savvy people. Today, we want to untangle one of those terms – Operational Technology (OT) security. It is often confused with its cousin, Information Technology (IT) security, and is surrounded by a cloud of misunderstanding.

OT security refers to strategies and measures to protect the systems that monitor or manage an organization’s physical devices, processes, and events. In contrast, IT security focuses on protecting data and digital assets.

Despite some similarities, OT and IT security are not the same. The main difference lies in their goals and the things they protect. The focus of IT security is on protecting information and ensuring its confidentiality, integrity and availability. OT security, on the other hand, is a priority to ensure the safe and reliable operation of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure.

The misunderstanding between OT and IT security arises from the convergence of IT and OT systems in modern industrial environments. While this convergence has improved efficiency and data availability, it has blurred the lines between IT and OT security. This leads to the false notion that they are identical. In reality, they require different approaches due to the unique characteristics and requirements of the systems they protect.

Misconceptions about OT security

OT systems are not at risk from cyber attacks

While many believe that OT systems are not exposed to the same cyber threats as IT systems due to their focus on physical processes, this is not the case. Cyber ​​attackers do not target OT systems to steal data, but rather to disrupt physical processes, which can have varying consequences, from minor annoyances to significant damage or financial loss. It is important to recognize that both OT and IT systems are exposed to cyber threats and require thorough security measures.

IT security solutions are sufficient for OT security

Although IT security is known and understood, it is wrong to believe that its methods are applicable to OT systems. OT and IT have different goals and needs. Applying IT security to OT may not provide the required protection and may even disrupt operations. Therefore, it is important to understand the unique needs and challenges of OT security in order to develop effective protection strategies.

OT security is purely a technology problem

OT security is not just about implementing advanced solutions such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems and other OT-specific security measures. Technology is undoubtedly important, but it is only part of the equation. OT security requires a three-pronged approach that includes technology, processes and people. The processes consist of establishing strict protocols for accessing and using OT systems. People are the backbone of any security strategy, but they are also the weak link. That is why it is important to train everyone in OT security best practices.

The unique challenges of OT security

In other words, OT security is a complex field due to the differences between OT and IT systems. This presents unique challenges and requires specialized skills and tools that go beyond traditional IT expertise.

Protect physical systems, not just data

Physical systems play a crucial role in the operation of critical infrastructure such as power plants, transportation systems, and manufacturing facilities. Any disruption can introduce security risks. In addition, these physical systems may be more difficult to update and repair, potentially making them more vulnerable to attacks.

High downtime costs

OT systems monitor critical physical operations. A disruption to these systems can have serious consequences, such as safety risks, production halts, or even the complete shutdown of a factory. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the continuous operation of OT systems, as the cost of downtime can be significantly high.

Lack of understanding and communication between IT and OT teams

IT and OT teams must work together to effectively combat cyber threats. IT teams typically have more experience with cybersecurity, while OT teams understand the unique needs and requirements of the physical systems they manage. Without clear communication and understanding, these teams may not be able to effectively coordinate their efforts, leaving the organization vulnerable to security risks.

To effectively combat cyber threats, IT and OT teams must work together. IT teams typically have more experience with cybersecurity, while OT teams understand the unique needs of the physical systems they manage. Without clear communication and understanding, it is difficult to effectively coordinate their efforts, leaving the organization vulnerable to security risks.

The growing importance of OT security

In today’s increasingly digital and connected world, OT security is becoming increasingly important. There are several factors that underline the growing importance of OT security:

1. Increasing networking: As our world becomes more connected with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, the number of devices and systems potentially vulnerable to cyber threats is increasing dramatically.
2. The convergence of IT and OT: Traditionally, IT and OT were separate systems. Each with its own security protocols and measures. However, the trend of IT/OT convergence in modern industrial environments has blurred the lines between these two areas. A security breach in the IT system can harm the OT system and vice versa. Therefore, it is important to secure both systems to prevent damage.
3. The increasing complexity of cyber threats: Cyber ​​threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated and specific. Attackers are no longer only interested in data theft, but also aim to disrupt operations, often for political or financial reasons.
4. Regulations: Many industries are subject to regulations such as NIS2 or CRA that require them to implement specific OT security measures to protect critical infrastructure. Failure to comply with these rules can result in heavy fines and reputational damage.
5. Increased awareness: There is a growing awareness of the importance of OT security among the executive level. As high-profile cyber attacks increasingly make headlines, executives are recognizing the need to protect their OT assets from cyber threats.

OT security is a complex field that is different from IT security, but equally crucial in our digital and connected world. The convergence of IT and OT, increasing connectivity and sophisticated cyber threats increasingly underline the importance of OT security.

As organizations become more reliant on operational technology, understanding and improving OT security is becoming increasingly important to manage risk, protect your physical systems, and ensure the security of your critical infrastructure.

This is a post by SoterICS. You can find more information about their solutions here.