The first color map of the Red Planet with a high degree of detail and realistically rendered colors was developed using data obtained as part of the Tianwen-1 mission launched in 2020. It included an orbiter, a rover and several high- and medium-resolution cameras for detailed imaging of the Martian surface.

The map was based on 14,800 images of the Martian surface with a resolution of 76 meters per pixel. The orbiter took photos from different angles for almost four years (1,300 days). The optical data and information obtained with the help of radars allowed the research team to obtain a more complete picture of Mars’ geology and to study the planet’s subsurface structures.

One of the most difficult tasks for scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the correct color correction of images that required color alignment. The fact is that the pictures were taken at different radiation angles, as well as the atmospheric layers of Mars.

The color correction process involved calibration against reference data from other missions, as well as combining images to minimize differences between them. The result was a “seamless mosaic” in which deviations between images were reduced to less than a pixel.

It will be recalled that the main purpose of the Tianwen-1 mission launched by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) was to study the atmosphere, topography and climate of Mars and to prepare for future scientific missions. The resulting cartographic product can form the basis for creating a global map of the Red Planet and is of great importance for future robotic and manned missions – with the help of a colored map, scientists will be able to choose safe places for landing and research.

“In addition, such a detailed map will serve as an important tool for geologists, as it allows changes in topography and surface features to be observed with much higher precision than ever before. Thus, the “Tianwen-1″ mission has become a significant achievement of Chinese cosmonautics and has made a significant contribution to the exploration of the Earth on the Red Planet.”