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JWST detects rare star on the brink of supernova

The spectacular final throes of a star nearing the end of its life are revealed in intricate detail in a new image from JWST. Located in the constellation Sagittarius, star WR 124 is known as Wolf Rayet, which is rarely seen in the Milky Way. This is because only a few stars turn into Wolf Rider and even then their duration at this stage is very short; In just a few hundred thousand years, WR 124 is about to explode in a spectacular supernova.

Wolf-Rayet stars may be some of the most spectacular stars in the galaxy. They’re so hot, so bright, that at the end of their main-sequence lifecycle they explode with a final flash of light when their fusion fuel runs out.

At this point, they consume significant hydrogen, but are rich in nitrogen or carbon. They also lose weight very quickly. The mass they lose also contains a large amount of carbon, which absorbs the radiation and re-emits it as infrared light. This makes them a very attractive target for JWST, which not only produces the most powerful space telescope ever built, but also produces the highest resolution infrared and near infrared images.

WR 124 is a Wolf-Rayet star that has already lost some of its mass; It is surrounded by a complex cloud of self-ejected material cut into fibers and knots as it expands into space around the star, glowing with infrared light as it cools. We know from previous observations that this cloud is a fascinating and complex mess, but we still don’t have the high-resolution details to understand the intricacies.

For example, if WR 124 explodes, will the dust grains in the nebula be large enough to survive a supernova? Studying this can give astronomers important information about the contribution of Wolf-Rayet stars to the interstellar dust budget that becomes part of other stars and planets as they form.

Image of WR 124 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and released in 2015

It can also help identify supernova remnants left by Wolf Ray stars, which can let us know how they exploded. Astronomers believe that Wolf-Rayet stars are the ancestors of type Ib and Ic supernovae, but there is little conclusive evidence for this. Understanding the dust a star emits before it dies can help connect the stars to the debris clouds they leave behind.

Interestingly, WR 124 belongs to the mysterious category of Wolf-Rayet stars that race through space at tremendous speeds relative to the galactic disk’s own spin rate. WR 124 is one of the fastest runaway stars in the Milky Way, at 190 kilometers per second (118 miles). It’s not known why it flies so fast through space, but recent research has suggested it’s in a binary system with another dying star, ripping its own supernova WR 124 from its position in the galactic disk.

Source: Port Altele

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