The classic handbrake in a car is a handle with a lock and a metal cable. If the water entering the mechanism freezes, the handbrake may simply become blocked. It’s much worse to break down. Moreover, the disk slowly but surely loses its properties over time.
Moisture, which penetrates the hub structure and freezes between the brake disc and the brake pad, deactivates it quite quickly. Of course, you can tear off frozen pads, but there is a risk of damaging the mechanisms and breaking the cable. However, a sudden start from a standstill also does not always solve the problem, and therefore you will have to “melt” the parts with a hairdryer or hot water. Of course, drum brakes suffer much more often than disc brakes. The latter are ventilated and provide protection against water stagnation.
As for the electronic parking brake, the drive here is electromechanical, which “bites” the brake pads much more efficiently than with a manual mechanism. In other words, the above-mentioned problems for automatic design are much more relevant. And repairing it in case of a breakdown will be much more expensive.
To avoid negative consequences, experts recommend only using the parking brake if you park for a short time in the cold. In addition, you should not cut through snowdrifts and deep puddles. Although in the winter season this is virtually impossible. However, the “P” mode on an automatic transmission and without a handbrake is guaranteed to protect the car against the risk of moving. Just like the gear that must be ‘turned on’ in a manual gearbox after you switch off the engine.