The temperature of the Sahara Desert in North Africa can reach 50°C, but these areas do not always experience the heat. For example The Gobi Desert in Asia and the polar deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic are always cold.

So what should we learn about deserts? What else is there?

Deserts occur in three different ways.

The sun’s rays are reflected perpendicular to the equator, meaning the sun’s energy is concentrated in that area. However, the hot air coming from water and land masses rises, and this air It has the ability to retain more moisture compared to cold air without moisture.

Moreover, there are many oceans around the equator and the air contains not only heat, but also water vapor. So, as the hot and moist air rises in those areas, it begins to cool Precipitation is caused by condensation.

Antarctic desert

The air, which then releases most of its moisture at the equator, moves around the equator towards the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. When the air reaches these latitudes, It loses much of its moisture and becomes quite dry.

This drought and the lack of rain Combined with complex air circulation patterns, they cause deserts. This air circulation is also called Hadley cells.

Besides Hadley cells, continentality is also the main cause of desertification.

Gobi Desert

The concept of continentality, It refers to the distance of countries from the oceans and their climatic effects. Related to this, the evaporation of water from water bodies has a sinking effect on the land. Areas close to bodies of water also receive most of this moisture.

Furthermore, as the air moves inland, it loses much of its moisture. This causes air flows that travel long distances to lose moisture and dry out Desert formations begin in the inner parts of the region. For example, the Gobi and Takla-Makan deserts are desert areas formed as a result of continental character.

Another reason is coastal cooling.

Deserts can even form as the air warms or cools. As we mentioned earlier, cold air carries less moisture than warm air. Air at 30°C carries 30.4 grams of water per cubic meter.

Again, assuming the air maintains a relative humidity of 100%, when the air drops from 30°C to 10°C, the existing humidity changes to 9.4 grams of water per cubic meter. In this case too A drop in humidity to 31% is sufficient for desertification.