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Whether there is life beyond Earth or not has been one of the most curious subjects since mankind first turned its eyes to the sky. Jupiter’s moon Europe
Whether there is life beyond Earth or not has been one of the most curious subjects since mankind first turned its eyes to the sky. Jupiter’s moon Europe It stands out as one of the number one candidates in the search for extraterrestrial life.
The presence of a subsurface ocean on ice-covered Europa means the moon is hot, salty, and in terms of viable chemistry. rich show that. New research shows that the oxygen of Europe’s ice crust pulled down and here simple life provides new evidence that
Whether there is life in Europa’s subterranean ocean has long been a matter of debate, and that debate will remain essentially neutral until NASA sends the Europa Clipper there. europe mission meticulous and NASA accordingly bases some of the design on specific questions scientists want Clipper to answer. NASA designs missions with big questions in mind; however, they can only answer smaller, specific questions. That’s why scientists are studying different aspects of Europe, and to refine the questions the mission needs to find answers to. simulations it creates.
If the crux of any of these questions is: ‘oxygen’ is located. Accordingly, it is difficult to understand the habitability of oxygen, Europa. the last part thought to be possible.
All in all, what Europe needs to exist. for most thought he had. Eurona, whose main component is water and with much water in the subterranean ocean, is even larger than the world’s seas. more water to have known.
However, this satellite of Jupiter chemical nutrients It’s also worth noting that it has. Life needs energy to exist, and Europa’s energy source is Jupiter’s tides, which warm the interior and keep the ocean from freezing; by most scientists a deeply rooted truth is accepted as
The frozen moon’s surface also has oxygen, another interesting sign of habitability. Oxygen on Europa, sunlight and charged particles from Jupiter on the lunar surface with a crash is being produced.
At this point, however, we run into a small problem. Europa’s thick ice sheet forms a barrier between oxygen and the ocean. The fact that the surface of Europa is frozen means that any life form that could have existed there would have been beyond the moon. in the endless ocean means it must. So how is it possible for oxygen to reach the ocean from the surface? Oxygen can be found in Europa’s ice crust, according to a new study. saltwater pools can be transported from the surface to the ocean.
These salty pools are located in the crust, where some of the ice is melting due to convection currents in the ocean. Above these pools, Europe’s famous and photogenic land of chaos consists. the terrain of chaos that covers about 25 percent of Europe’s frozen surface; It is said to be a place where ridges, cracks, fractures and plains mingle. While there is currently no clear understanding of why the Land of Chaos exists, it is believed that the reason behind it is likely related to unregulated underground heating and melting.
On the other side, across the ice sheet of Europe 15 to 25 kilometers It is estimated to be thick. According to a 2011 study, the terrain of chaos in Europe is caused by ice. less than 3 kmIt is said to be found on large lakes with liquid water. These lakes are not directly connected to the subterranean ocean; but to the ocean can flow is being considered. According to the aforementioned new research, it is suggested that salty lakes can mix with oxygen at the surface and that greater amounts of oxygen can accumulate in the deeper subsurface oceans over time.
Marc Hesse, lead author of the study, is a professor in the Department of Geological Sciences at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences. “Our research encompasses this process. to the realm of the possible stings” says and “Europe offers a solution to what is considered one of the extraordinary problems with the habitability of the subsurface ocean” he adds.
However, the researchers use a simulation to show how this oxygen reaches the ocean from the ice crust. Accordingly, oxygen-laden brine is a porosity wave It’s moving to the subterranean ocean. A wave of porosity carries salt water through the ice by temporarily widening the pores in the ice before quickly closing again, and this process continues for thousands of years. oxygenated salt watertakes you to the ocean.
On the other hand, the relationship between the chaos field and oxygen transport is not entirely clear; however, scientists have found that the ice from convective uplift caused by tidal warming is partial that you melted and they think it manifests on the surface as a chaotic land of chaos. So for the oxygen-rich brine to flow into the ocean, the ice beneath the brine must be melted or partially melted. As for the subject, the study authors, “To drain this salty water, the ice below” permeable must be partially melted. Previous studies show that tidal warming increases the temperature from upward elevations in the worn part of Europa’s ice crust to the melting point of pure ice. saves as.
Also, the surface of Europa is quite cold, as it is covered with ice; but it freezes so fast that oxygen cannot be transported in salt water it’s not cold has been expressed. Accordingly, it is stated that the temperature at the satellite’s poles never rises above minus 220 C. However, the results of the new model, “Re-freezing at the surface is used to stop the runoff of brine and prevent the transfer of oxidants to the inland sea. too slow is” shows. In other words, although the ice on Europa’s surface is frozen, the ice beneath it is convective, causing frostbite. delays† In fact, according to some studies, the seabed volcanic That is even claimed.
According to the study, the oxygen absorbed on the surface of Europa is about 86 percentIt is believed to have reached the ocean. That’s much closer to Earth, according to the model’s highest estimate. comparable creates an oxygen-rich ocean. So, is it possible that something lives under the ice sheet? Co-author Steven Vance, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and supervisor of Planetary Interiors and Geophysics Group, “It’s tempting to think of some kind of aerobic organism that lives just under the ice.” saves as.
Kevin Hand, one of the scientists closely interested in Europa’s life potential and the upcoming Europa Clipper mission, said Hesse and his fellow researchers have solved the oxygen problem in the frozen moon’s oceans. hopeful means it is. “We know there are beneficial compounds like oxygen on the surface of Europa, but do these bring it to the ocean below where life can use them?” Ask a question in the form of Hand, this question “In the work of Hessen and his collaborators is the answer” yep resembling.” he answers.
So what questions could the Clipper mission answer to confirm these findings? Right now Clipper’s design is: three big problems to focus on:
Of course, we have to wait a little longer to find out the answers to these questions. Europe Clipper October 2024It is planned to be launched in; however, we will have to wait another 5.5 years for it to reach the Jupiter system. The scientific research phase, which begins after the mission lands on the surface of the satellite, is expected to last up to 4 years. However, it is the earliest to get answers to the above questions. in 2034 it looks like it will be possible.
Source: Web Tekno
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