The scientific secrets behind the dazzling Islamic motifs with their perfect geometric patterns

Geometric patterns consisting of circles, squares, but also many shapes or shapes derived from them; by combining, recording and multiplying creates different appearances and these emerging motifs have become one of the most striking elements of Islamic art.

These designs, which show that we can create unlimited patterns, are a kind of expression of the freedom of the artist and the repetition of these motifs. endless opportunities for growth and diversity presents.

Artists and craftsmen, who were not allowed to create images of people in sacred places, developed an aesthetic that was instantly recognizable and fascinated us.

It is quite curious how the artists managed to create perfect geometric patterns. extensive knowledge of geometry he had.

The skills of these artists were not based on theoretical knowledge, but they had the knowledge to divide a circle into twelve equal parts without measuring the angles of that motif with the protractor. In fact, so that artists can achieve the drawings they dream of. a ruler and compass it was enough.

Patterns in Islamic art and architecture are usually in beautiful order and harmony. Although it may seem complicated at first glance, these motifs usually consist of the repetition of a single pattern.

The artists of that period used the “enterThey used a style called ‘. Means “knot” in Persian In its simplest definition, this concept is geometric designs consisting of lines radiating from regular and arranged starting points and intersecting at these points.

The entrances, which cover the plane well and also consist of different shapes, are primarily made with “lines” called compass and unmarked ruler.

Hence the shapes a 2, 3, 4 or 6-fold rotational symmetry brought together. Over time, with the advancement of this art in the 1200s, girihs began to turn into a 5 and 10-fold rotational symmetry in the form of stars and polygons. It was also possible to make these shapes with compasses and lines.

So how did these geometric patterns come about, about which we know so little?

All geometric patterns starting point is a full circle. The artist then adds secondary circles of various sizes depending on his imagination. It establishes a relationship between these circles and connects the sections with straight lines to create complex patterns.

The main shape of the pattern, the way circles and lines intersect determines. The designer must first decide how many secondary circles to draw around the main circle. Because this motif will show which group the model will belong to.

In addition to the circle, various shapes can be used to create original models.

Squares or quadrilaterals, star pattern of circled squares and triangles, polygons with many more sides, this with the circle based on motif designs. creates.

Harmony and balance are very important in the design of these forms, which are the masterpieces of Islamic geometry.

A pattern consisting entirely of straight lines is considered incomplete and therefore the artist who created the motif has be able to create and make clear different shapes needs extra stuff.

Artists who attach great importance to the decoration of traditional geometric arrangements reveal the richness of linear patterns with different motifs or color applications. flowers and leavesIt is mainly used in making these floral designs.

These designs not only adorn mosques, madrassas and palaces, but are also embroidered as the main decorative element on all kinds of objects.

Bowls, sinks, pulpit doors, plates, various textiles and tapestries used for decoration are part of this art of geometry. successful and error-free a few of the items that show it is reflected in some way.

There are hardly any sources describing how the created patterns are made, and in this sense there are only 5 sources that have reached us in written form.

In addition to the work written by Vefa el-Buzcani, which explains the use of pervel and ruler associated with Euclidean plane geometry, this work, known as the Topkapi parchment, contains 110 different patterns. The most successful of all existing roles.

Tashkent scrolls, the oldest of which is from the 16th century, but contains geometric drawings from different periods, geometric drawings made by Mirza Akbar, which are kept today in the Victoria-Albert Museum, and another book with similar or reciprocal forms registered in the Bibliothèque National library of Paris. of the works that form the basis of this art..