optogeneticsNervous systems, an almost two-decade-old scientific discipline, relies on gene modification of neurons to create an optical channel for excitation and inhibition. Scientists can manipulate the activity of neurons using a specific wavelength of light.

The synaptic channel responsible for the normal transmission of brain activity remains intact, creating a controlled environment for the regulation of nerve responses.

How does the probe work?

Unlike most existing probes in optogenetics, which emit monochromatic light to suppress or stimulate neuronal activity, the team at the University of Massachusetts Amherst developed an extremely small, two-color probe that is 0.2 mm wide and 0.05 mm thick.

The tip of the optogenetic probe is approximately 0.2 millimeters wide and 0.05 millimeters thick / Photo photonics

With a red micro LED and a blue micro LED on its tip, the probe can both inhibit and excite neurons under its influence; thus providing researchers with a tool to quickly determine the function of specific groups of neurons.

How will it help in practice?

The application of this new technology extends to the field of medicine, particularly the research and treatment of disorders such as epilepsy. Neuronal inhibition, a function provided by the probe, is widely used to suppress epileptic seizures. The team’s focus on mice, for which the probes were designed, promises to deepen our understanding of neurological mechanisms and help improve treatments for a variety of disorders.

The development of increasingly accurate probes with advanced functionality is expected to deepen our understanding of the structure of the brain and the complex workings of its various parts. In a field where uncertainty remains, this innovative technology could pave the way to unlocking the mysteries of the brain, akin to mapping unexplored regions on our planet.